More than half of the bills introduced in Parliament so far have been passed by both Houses in the same session.
The data has been released by PRS Legislative Research. According to its session-wise data, this trend has increased sharply over the past year.
Since the 18th Lok Sabha was formed, 64 bills have been introduced so far. Of these, 34, or 53%, were passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in the same session.
In the 16th Lok Sabha, 63 of the 189 bills, or 33%, were passed in the same session. In the 17th Lok Sabha, the figure nearly doubled to 62%.
Of the 190 bills introduced during that period, 117 were passed in the same session.
Bill passage rate in sessions of the 18th Lok Sabha
According to PRS data, bills were passed more slowly in the early sessions of the 18th Lok Sabha.
PRS is an independent, non-profit organisation that studies and tracks the work of Parliament and State Legislatures.
Of the 10 bills introduced in the 2026 Budget Session, 5 were passed by both Houses in the same session.
The trend was most visible in the Monsoon Session, which ended on August 13. Of the 12 bills introduced during the session, 11 were passed before it ended.
The only bill still pending is the Indian Statistical Institute Bill, 2026.
Government’s original agenda included 5 new bills
The government’s original legislative agenda included plans to introduce and pass 5 new bills, along with considering and passing 2 pending bills.
However, of the 11 bills passed by Parliament, 6 were not part of the original agenda.
Neither of the 2 pending bills listed in the government’s agenda was passed.
These are the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA) Bill, 2025, and the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment (FCRA) Bill, 2026.
The parliamentary committee examining the VBSA Bill has not yet submitted its report.
Meanwhile, following opposition demands to withdraw the bill, the FCRA Amendment Bill has been sent to a joint parliamentary committee.
PRS expresses concern over quick passage of Bills
PRS has earlier raised concerns that the short gap between a bill being introduced and passed gives MPs less time to examine the proposed law.
It also leaves less scope for consultation with relevant stakeholders.
The time spent discussing several bills during the Monsoon Session has added to these concerns.
According to PRS, 9 bills were passed without any MP speaking on them apart from the minister who introduced them.
Of the 11 bills, 7 were passed in five minutes or less.
Change in Bill passage pattern from 2024 to 2025
Of the 11 bills introduced in the 2024 Budget Session, none was passed by both Houses in the same session.
Later, 4 bills introduced in the Winter Session also remained pending when the session ended.
The only bill passed by Parliament during the 2024 Winter Session was the Indian Aircraft Bill, 2024. It had been introduced during the previous Budget Session.
The pattern changed from 2025 onwards. Of the 5 bills introduced in the 2025 Budget Session, 3 were passed in the same session.
In the 2025 Monsoon Session, 8 of the 13 bills introduced were passed in the same session. The remaining 5 were sent to parliamentary committees.
The ratio increased further during the 2025 Winter Session. Of the 9 bills introduced, 7 were passed, while the remaining 2 were sent to committees.
Functioning of both Houses in the Monsoon Session
This year’s Monsoon Session was held from July 20 to August 13 and had 19 sittings.
The proceedings were repeatedly disrupted over issues including the NEET-UG paper leak, police action against students protesting at Jantar Mantar and the alleged theft of donations received by the Ram Temple in Ayodhya.
According to PRS, the Lok Sabha functioned for only 15% of its scheduled time, while the Rajya Sabha worked for 33%.
Question Hour in the Lok Sabha ran for just 1% of its scheduled time, compared with 12% in the Rajya Sabha.
Across the entire session, the Lok Sabha’s Question Hour lasted only 9 minutes. Of the 380 questions listed, only 2 received oral answers.
